How are blood samples analyzed?

Question:

I am doing a school assignment and I picked a Hematology Analyzer. I was wondering if you could give me some information?

How samples are analyzed?

Why it is being analyzed?Any sample preparation needed?

What kind of results- generally the process of this instrument?

Maybe a brief theory of the operation of the instrument?

Answer:

The hematology analyzer is an important tool for doctors. It is useful because it can answer many questions about different conditions. Here is a brief explanation to your questions.

How samples are analyzed?

Most hematology analyzers use the 'Coulter principle'. Blood cells are suspended in a saline liquid and passed through a tiny opening that is electrically charged. The cells cause an impedance change in the voltage based on their size and number passing through the orifice. The rate that they pass through can be measured and quantified. The size of the cells can also be measured by impedance change to indicate different cells.

Why it is being analyzed?

A CBC (Complete Blood Count) can be run for many reasons. The WBC (White Blood Cell) count can be run to indicate if infection or inflammation is present. An elevated count can indicate infection. The RBC (Red Blood Cell) count along with the Hemoglobin and Hematocrit values can indicate anemia (lack of blood) or polycythemia (to much blood). The Platelet count can indicate your ability of your blood to clot.

Any sample preparation needed?

Yes. Usually the blood is collected in a tube containing EDTA. EDTA is an anticoagulant that keeps the blood from forming clots and helps it flow smoothly through the instrument. Samples must be well mixed after collection to make sure the blood mixes well with the EDTA in the tube and is distributed evenly before analysis.